44 BC Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son Caesarion co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesar 44 BC The first of Cicero 's Philippics (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony ; he will make 14 of them over the next several months 31 BC Battle of Actium : Octavian 's (later Augustus ) naval forces defeat those under Mark Antony and Cleopatra off the western coast of Greece; naval battle leading to the end of the Roman Republic 673 Visigoth King Wamba of Hispania successfully puts down a rebellion at Nîmes, the last rebels surrendering from the Roman amphitheatre [1] 911 Viking Prince of Kiev and founder of the Kievan Rus, Oleg the Wise, signs a treaty with the Byzantines 1192 Sultan Saladin and King Richard the Lionheart of England sign the Treaty of Jaffa ending the Third Crusade in a compromise neither is happy with; treaty leaves Jerusalem under Islamic control with Christian pilgrimage rights and restores the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1519 First Battle of Tehuacingo, Mexico: Hernán Cortés ' Spanish conquistadors fight the Tlaxcalans 1537 Danish King Christian III publishes "Ordinance on the Danish Church" establishing Lutheranism as the state religion within his realms 1642 English Long Parliament issues Ordinance ordering closure of London theatres including the Globe theatre, once part-owned by William Shakespeare 1644 Robert Devereux's Parliamentarian infantry surrenders to Royalist forces in Battle of Lostwithiel, Cornwall, during English Civil War 1649 Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X , ending the Wars of Castro 1666 Great Fire of London begins at 2am at a baker's shop in Pudding Lane, destroying 80% of London 1686 Habsburg armies take Buda from Turks 1732 Pope Clement XII reinforces anti-Jewish laws in Rome 1752 Last Julian calendar day in Great Britain and British colonies including America; to sync to the Gregorian calendar, 11 days are skipped and the next date is September 14 1789 US Treasury Department is established by Congress 1792 September Massacres of the French Revolution : rampaging mobs in Paris slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than 200 priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers 1796 Batavian Republic grants full civic and equal citizenship to Jews in Netherlands 1806 Heavy rain triggers a landslide from Rossberg mountain and collapses into Goldau Valley, Switzerland, killing 457 people 1807 The Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with firebombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon 1839 Joseph Duport opens the first Salon of Variétés in Amsterdam 1851 Northern Daily Times, the first provincial daily newspaper, begins publication in Newcastle, England 1856 Tianjing Incident begins in Nanjing, China, as an internal political conflict within the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom that contributes to the failure of the Taiping Rebellion 1858 Gas lighting used for the first time in Hawai'i 1859 Solar super storm affects electrical telegraph service 1864 US Civil War: Union General William T. Sherman captures and occupies Atlanta, Georgia, ending the Atlanta Campaign in the US Civil War [1] 1867 First secondary school for girls opens in Haarlem, Netherlands 1870 French General Félix Wimpffen surrenders remaining forces to Prussian army at the Battle of Sedan, France, after failing to negotiate favorable terms 1878 Surrey left-arm slow round-arm bowler Ted Barratt takes 10-43 for the Players in Australia's 1st innings in a cricket tour match on his home ground at The Oval; all ten are caught or stumped; Australia wins by 8 runs 1885 In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners (who are struggling to unionize so they can strike for better wages and working conditions) attack their Chinese fellow workers, killing 28 men, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town 1897 First issue of "McCall's Magazine—The Queen of Fashion" (formerly "The Queen"; later "McCall's") is published in the US 1898 Battle of Omdurman: Anglo-Egyptian army led by Lord Kitchener defeats the Mahdist forces of Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad in Sudan 1900 A large demonstration by Nationalists in Dublin's Phoenix Park demand that Ireland be free of British rule 1900 Telegraph use between Germany and the US begins 1901 Theodore Roosevelt advises "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far" in an address to the Minnesota State Fair, entitled "National Duties" 1905 Chinese crown discontinues its Imperial Examinations (Golden Lists), civil service recruitment exams that dated back in some form to 581AD and influenced British civil service and beyond [1] 1905 New Zealand beats Australia 14-3 in cold, wet conditions in the first international Rugby Union match between the countries on New Zealand soil at Tahuna Park in Dunedin 1909 King Edward VII signs South Africa Act 1911 Joao Chagas forms Portuguese government 1913 Amsterdam reroutes its city canal sewage into the Zuiderzee (South Seas) 1914 French government flee Paris for Bordeaux as German forces advanced during World War I 1914 The US Treasury Department establishes the Bureau of War Risk Insurance to provide up to $5 million worth of insurance for merchant ships and their crews 1917 Pan-Germanic and nationalist Fatherland Party (Deutsche Vaterlands Partei) formed by former Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz 1919 Italy agrees to general voting rights and proportional representation 1922 German President Friedrich Ebert declares "Deutschland Uber Alles" the German national anthem 1922 W. Somerset Maugham's play "East of Suez" premieres at His Majesty's Theatre in London 1924 Rudolf Friml and Herbert Stothart's operetta "Rose-Marie" opens to rave reviews at the Imperial Theatre, NYC; runs for 577 performances 1926 talo-Yemeni Treaty is signed between the Kingdom of Italy and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 1929 New York radio station WOR (AM) ends its affiliation with CBS Radio Network 1929 Unilever forms by the merger of Margarine Unie and Lever Brothers 1930 First non-stop airplane flight from Europe to the US (37 hours) 1931 American crooner Bing Crosby makes his solo radio debut on his "15 Minutes with Bing Crosby" program broadcast on the CBS Network 1935 Labor Day hurricane makes landfall in Florida, killing 423 people; the strongest and most intense hurricane ever to make landfall in the United States 1936 First transatlantic "ping-pong" round-trip air flight from New York to England and back begins, piloted by Dick Merrill with Harry Richman 1936 NFL Chicago College All-Star Game: All-Stars 7, Detroit Lions 7; 76,000 at Soldier Field 1937 Film "The Prisoner of Zenda," based on the novel and play by Anthony Hope , starring Ronald Colman , Madeleine Carroll, and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. , is released 1940 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1941 Academy registers a copyright for the Oscar statuette 1942 Battle of Stalingrad: German troops enter Stalingrad, Russian SFSR 1944 Belgium's Emissie bank closes as allied troops crossed the Belgian border 1944 British, American, and Canadian Allied forces liberate Belgium 1944 Future US President George H. W. Bush bails out of a burning plane during a mission in the Pacific 1944 Pro-German government of Ivan Bagryanov resigns in response to the Red Army's advance towards Bulgaria 1945 Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent from France (National Day) 1945 V-J Day, formal surrender of Japan signed aboard the USS Missouri, marks the end of World War II 1946 Jawaharlal Nehru forms the Interim Government of India 1949 "The Third Man," directed by Carol Reed, starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, and Orson Welles , is released in the United Kingdom (Academy Awards Best Cinematography 1950) 1949 18-hour fire in Chongqing's riverfront area, China, kills 2,865 people 1952 Dr. F. John Lewis performs the first successful human open-heart surgery using cooling blankets to induce hypothermia 1954 Hurricane Edna forms east of the Caribbean Sea; hits the Northeast US September 11 1954 WTVD TV channel 11 in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina (ABC) begins broadcasting 1956 British Ferrari driver Peter Collins sportingly hands over his car to retired teammate Juan Manuel Fangio during season ending Italian Grand Prix at Monza; Fangio finishes 2nd to win his 3rd straight F1 World Drivers Championship by 3 points from Englishman Stirling Moss 1956 Collapse of a rail bridge under a train kills 125 people near Mahbubnagar, India 1956 San Francisco Washington-Jackson cable line replaced by bus service 1957 Milwaukee first baseman Frank Torre scores 6 runs to tie the MLB record; Braves rout Chicago Cubs 23-10 1957 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site (Galileo) 1958 Great Britain performs atmospheric nuclear test at Kiritimati, Kiribati (Christmas Island) 1958 Hendrik Verwoerd is appointed Prime Minister of South Africa 1958 KAYS TV (now KBSH-DT) channel 7 in Hays, Kansas (CBS) begins broadcasting 1958 Minneapolis announces a $9 million bond issue to expand the Metropolitan Stadium 1958 U.S. Air Force C-130A-II is shot down by fighters over Yerevan, Armenia, when it strays into Soviet airspace; all 17 crew members are killed 1958 US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the National Defense Education Act into law 1959 US President Dwight D. Eisenhower arrives in Paris 1960 American Mike Troy swims 200m butterfly world record 2:12.8 to win the gold medal from Australian Neville Hayes at the Rome Olympics 1960 American sprinter Wilma Rudolph wins the coveted 100m gold medal at the Rome Olympics in 11.0; beats Britain's Dorothy Hyman by 0.3; 1st of 3 gold medals for Rudolph 1960 First election for the then-named Tibetan Assembly, establishing the foundation of the Central Tibetan Administration; Tibetan exile community observes this date as Democracy Day 1960 New Zealand middle distance runner Peter Snell claims first of 3 career Olympic gold medals when he wins the 800m in Rome 1960 Tamara and Irina Press (Soviet Union) become the first sisters to win Olympic gold medals; Tamara wins the Rome Olympics shot put one day after Irina wins the 80 m hurdles 1960 William Walton's Symphony No. 2 premieres at the Edinburgh Festival 1962 Soviet Union performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, Russia 1962 St. Louis first baseman Stan Musial 's records his 3,516th hit in Cards' 4-3 loss v NY Mets; overtakes Tris Speaker into 2nd place behind Ty Cobb on the MLB all-time list 1963 Alabama Governor George Wallace prevents integration of Tuskegee High School

1963 CBS expands its "CBS Evening News" program, anchored by Walter Conkrite, from 15 to 30 minutes 1964 100 Indonesian paratroopers land near Labis in Johor, Malaysia 1965 Chicago Cubs slugger Ernie Banks hits his MLB 400th career HR (off Curt Simmons) in a 5-3 win over St. Louis at Wrigley Field; Simmons also gave up Willie Mays' 400th HR in 1963 1966 Joe Auer returns the opening kickoff 95 yards for a Miami touchdown in the Dolphins' first ever NFL regular-season game; Oakland Raiders go on to win 23-14 at the Orange Bowl before 26,776 fans 1967 The Principality of Sealand is declared an independent state by Major Paddy Roy Bates 1968 Jerry Lewis 's 3rd annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $1,401,876 1969 Ralph Houk signs 3-year contract to manage New York Yankees at $65,000 a season, then the biggest salary in MLB 1969 The first automated teller machine in the United States is installed in Rockville Centre, New York 1971 There are further Irish Republican Army bombs set off across the region, including one in Belfast which wrecked the headquarters of the Ulster Unionist Party 1972 American breaststroker Cathy Carr swims a world record 1:13.58 to win the 100m gold medal at the Munich Olympics 1972 American breaststroker John Hencken beats David Wilkie of Great Britain to win the 200m gold medal in world record 2:21.55 at the Munich Olympic Games 1972 Chicago Cubs pitcher Milt Pappas no-hits San Diego Padres, 8-0 1972 East German sprinter Renate Stecher sets world record 11.07 to beat Raelene Boyle of Australia for the women's 100m gold medal at the Munich Olympics 1972 East German swimmer Roland Matthes wraps up the Olympic backstroke double with a world record 2:02.82 in the 200m in Munich, having already won the 100m in Olympic record time 1972 For the first time since the advent of the Modern Olympics in 1896, a non-American wins the pole vault gold medal; East German Wolfgang Nordwig clears 5.5m at the Munich Games 1972 French track cyclist Daniel Morelon successfully defends his Olympic sprint title beating Australian John Nicholson for the gold medal in Munich 1972 John Akii-Bua of Uganda with a world record 47.82 wins the 400m hurdles gold medal at the Munich Olympics 1972 Rod Stewart 's first #1 hit single in the UK, "You Wear It Well" 1972 The headquarters of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) in Belfast is severely damaged by an IRA bomb 1972 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan 1973 Billy Martin is fired as Detroit Tigers manager due to continual differences with the front office; goes on to manage Texas, Oakland, and NY Yankees (in five separate stints) 1973 Netherlands win their first men’s hockey World Cup, 4-2 on penalties over India in Amstelveen, Netherlands 1974 Jerry Lewis 's 9th annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $16,129,213 1974 US President Gerald Ford signs Employee Retirement Income Security Act; sets minimum standards for pension plans 1978 American radio disc jockey and stunt pilot Hal McClain (38) performs world record 180 outside loops in an airplane over Houston, Texas 1978 Yankees right fielder Reggie Jackson hits his 20th HR of the season in a 6-2 home win over Seattle; 19th MLB player to hit 20 HR in 11 straight years 1979 US Men's Amateur Golf Championship, Canterbury GC: Mark O'Meara wins 8 & 7 over John Cook 1981 USSR performs underground nuclear test in Perm, Russia 1982 "Redlands," Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards ' country house in West Wittering, Sussex, England, is seriously damaged in a fire for the second time in nine years 1983 Yitzḥak Shamir of the Likud party is endorsed by Menachem Begin for Israeli Prime Minister 1985 Jerry Lewis 's 20th annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $33,181,652 1986 Cathy Evelyn Smith is sentenced to three years for the drug related death of John Belushi 1987 Houston outfielder Kevin Bass becomes 1st NL player to switch hit HRs in a game twice in one season in Astros 10-1 win v Cubs 1987 Philips introduces Compact Disc Video (CDV) discs 1987 Trial begins in Moscow for West German pilot Mathias Rust, who flew a private plane from Finland to Moscow, USSR 1989 Reverend Al Sharpton leads a civil rights march through Bensonhurst, Brooklyn 1990 Steven Allen is installed as new abbot of Hartford St Zen Center, San Francisco, California; serves for one year 1990 Toronto Blue Jays pitcher Dave Stieb throws MLB record 9th no-hitter of the season; beating Cleveland Indians, 3-0 1991 "Ropin' the Wind" 3rd studio album by Garth Brooks is released (Billboard Album of the Year 1992) 1991 Jerry Lewis 's 26th annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $45,071,857 1991 US officially recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 1992 Nicaragua is struck by a 7.1 magnitude earthquake and flooding, killing at least 116 people 1993 Former Central African Republic emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa is released from prison 1993 National Day of Peace held in South Africa 1994 Spanish road cyclist Miguel Induráin sets the UCI hour world record of 53.04 kilometers in Bordeaux, France 1995 British boxer Frank Bruno beats American champion Oliver McCall in a unanimous 12 round points decision in London for the WBC heavyweight title 1995 Southern California begins using a new area code, 562 1996 Jerry Lewis 's 31st annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $49,146,555 1996 Museum of Contemporary Art of Niterói (MAC), designed by Oscar Niemeyer , is inaugurated in Niterói, Brazil 1996 Peace agreement signed between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front in Malacañang Palace 1996 Soyuz TM-23 lands south west of Akmola, Kazakhstan 1997 Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Montreal Canada on CHOM 97.7 FM and in Toronto Canada on CILQ 107.1 FM 1998 Swissair Flight 111, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, crashes near Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia, killing all 229 people on board 1998 The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide 1999 "Being John Malkovich ," directed by Spike Jonze, starring John Cusack and Cameron Diaz , premieres in Venice 2001 German Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher wins the Belgian Grand Prix at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps for his record 52nd F1 Grand Prix victory 2001 Jerry Lewis's 36th annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $56,780,603 2007 Jerry Lewis's 42nd annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $63,759,478 2012 15 people are killed by a car bomb attack at a Palestinian refugee camp in al-Sbeineh, Syria 2012 A decades-long ban on veiled female news presenters is lifted from State television in Egypt 2012 Jerry Lewis's 47th annual Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $58,706,015 2015 Earth's trees number just over 3 trillion according to a study in "Nature" by Thomas Crowther of Yale University 2015 US President Barack Obama becomes the first president to visit the Arctic Circle at Kotzebue, Alaska 2018 About 400 prisoners escape a jail near Tripoli in Libya during militia fighting 2018 Major fire at the National Museum of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro destroys most of its 20 million artifacts 2019 British Prime Minister Boris Johnson threatens a snap general election if rebel MPs pass bill against no-deal Brexit 2019 Diving boat catches fire at night killing 34 people asleep on board off Santa Cruz Island, California 2019 Violence and looting directed at foreigners in Johannesburg results in five deaths and dozens arrested by South African police 2020 Australia officially enters recession for the first time in almost three decades with GDP falling 7% (April–June) 2020 British architect Richard Rogers, designer of the Pompidou Centre and the Millennial Dome, retires 2020 Family of Daniel Prude holds press conference with body camera evidence bringing to light death the 41-year old African American male after his being restrained by police in Rochester, New York, in March of 2020 2020 Former Italian PM Silvio Berlusconi tests positive for COVID-19 and is later hospitalized 2021 58 people die as the remnants of Hurricane Ida hit the US Northeast with record rains, tornadoes, and flooding; New York and New Jersey declare states of emergency 2022 Attempted assassination of Argentina's vice-president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner fails when the gun jams outside her home in Buenos Aires [1] 2022 Russian state-controlled energy firm Gazprom indefinitely suspends supplies of natural gas to Germany and Europe via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline, amid accusations of weaponizing its energy supplies [1] 2023 American rock band Aerosmith kicks off "Peace Out: The Farewell Tour" with concert at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2023 India successfully launches its first spacecraft, Aditya-L1, to study the sun [1] 2024 Joey Chestnut sets a new world record by eating 83 hot dogs in Netflix's "Unfinished Beef" Labor Day Showdown [1] 2025 5.5 magnitude earthquake in Afghanistan causes panic and interrupts rescue efforts surrounding a larger earthquake one day earlier 2025 More than 85 international scientists submit comments condemning a Trump administration draft report that calls the threat of climate change overblown [1] 2025 US military launches lethal strike against a suspected drug vessel in international waters of the Caribbean Sea, killing 11 people, in a departure from typical law enforcement interdiction and arresting of suspects [1] Historical Events Calendar Bobby Fischer, The World Chess Champ September 1, 1972 Bobby Fischer, The World Chess Champ The Great Fire of London September 2, 1666 The Great Fire of London Tragedy of Macbeth Brings Fits of Laughter September 3, 1980 Tragedy of Macbeth Brings Fits of Laughter Wildlife Warrior Steve Irwin Killed By Stingray September 4, 2006 Wildlife Warrior Steve Irwin Killed By Stingray Search the largest and most accurate independent site for today in history.